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Overview of Tkinter Menu

Web development, programming languages, Software testing & others

There is two popular variety of Menu, we will discuss here:

Pull-down

Pop-up

Syntax:

w = Menu ( master, option, ... )

Master: The parent window, where the widget needs to be imbibed.

Option: The various parameter related to the widget used.

Menu Methods with Examples

The different methods are given below:

1. Pull-down Menu

Let’s discuss the first type of menu, i.e. Pulldown Menu.

Code:

from tkinter import * Master = Tk() variable = StringVar(Master) variable.set("Open") # default value wi = OptionMenu(Master, variable, "Open", "save", "save as") wi.pack() mainloop()

Output:

As one can see, “OptionMenu” is used from the Tkinter package to implement a pull-down menu. Tk helps in the creation of the top-level window. Here “OptionMenu” will pop up with a button. To which, we have set a default value of “Open”. Rest other values “save” & “save as” can be selected from the dropdown. If further someone wants action to be associated with it, one can use the .get() function to accomplish it.

Then here is the approach:

Code:

from tkinter import * Items = [ "egg", "toffee", "chicken", "beef", "bread", "Choclate", "Milk" ] Master = Tk() wi.pack() mainloop()

Output:

One can even add a submenu to the menu.

Code:

from tkinter import * from tkinter import filedialog def Donothing(): x = 0 root = Tk() menu = Menu(root) root.config(menu=menu) filemainmenu = Menu(menu, tearoff=0) filesubmenu = Menu(filemainmenu, tearoff=0) menu.add_cascade(label="File", menu=filemainmenu) filemainmenu.add_cascade(label="Save", menu=filesubmenu) filesubmenu.add_command(label="Save Nothing", command = Donothing) root.mainloop()

Output:

As one can see, “Save Nothing” is a submenu of the “Save” Label.

With the help of “add_cascade”, one can create a sub-menu under the main menu. If you notice well, the “filesubmenu = Menu(filemainmenu, tearoff=0)” command is used to associate filesubmenu with filemainmenu. One can add a seperator as well between the options. Like:

Code:

Output:

If someone notices well, we used the command: “filemainmenu.add_seperator()”. Its sole purpose is to add a line of separation to the menu.

There are many methods related to the drop-down menu. One needs to experiment with all in order to get a good grip over Menu designing with Tkinter.

2. Pop-up Menu

The pop-up menu is the menu shown anywhere in the window. It is also known as the context menu. Let’s understand it through the code below.

Code:

from tkinter import * def Hi(): message.config(text = "Hi") def Hey(): message.config(text = "Hey") root = Tk() root.title("This is an Example: PopUp Menu") #w.pack() message = Label(root,bg = "grey") message.pack(fill = BOTH,expand = YES) # create a menu popup = Menu(root, tearoff=0) popup.add_command(label="Print Hi",command = Hi) popup.add_command(label="Print Hey",command = Hey) def perform_popup(event): # To display the popup menu try: popup.tk_popup(event.x_root, event.y_root, 0) finally: popup.grab_release() message.bind("", perform_popup) mainloop()

Output #1

Output #2

As one can see, how to pop up window is used to print “Hi” or “Hey” accordingly, with the help of functions defined. First, the window is created with the help of the Tkinter root(which is the top-level window), and then a pop-menu is added to it with the help of “Menu(root)”

Command:

"popup.tk_popup(event.x_root, event.y_root, 0)" will post the pop up at location "x_root" and "y_root"

Suppose someone doesn’t want any action to be associated with the label. One can opt for it by simply doing nothing.

Code:

from tkinter import * def Donothing(): x = 0 def Hey(): message.config(text = "Hey") root = Tk() root.title("This is an Example: PopUp Menu") #w.pack() message = Label(root,bg = "grey") message.pack(fill = BOTH,expand = YES) # create a menu popup = Menu(root, tearoff=0) popup.add_command(label="Print Hi",command = Donothing) popup.add_command(label="Print Hey",command = Hey) def perform_popup(event): # To display the popup menu try: popup.tk_popup(event.x_root, event.y_root, 0) finally: popup.grab_release() message.bind("", perform_popup) mainloop()

Output:

Conclusion

As we saw above, the Tkinter menu and its various usage-based on certain examples. The examples shown above are straightforward and easy to grab. Tkinter menu is of great help in building applications with various options as part of it. One can embed options in a drop down or pop up menu as per requirement and hence associate it with action items. There are many methods available with the menu; one must get their hands dirty to understand it fully.