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In Python everything is object and string are an object too. Python string can be created simply by enclosing characters in the double quote.

For example:

var = “Hello World!”

Accessing Values in Strings

Python does not support a character type, these are treated as strings of length one, also considered as substring.

We use square brackets for slicing along with the index or indices to obtain a substring.

var1 = "Guru99!" var2 = "Software Testing" print ("var1[0]:",var1[0]) print ("var2[1:5]:",var2[1:5])

Output:

var1[0]: G var2[1:5]: oftw

Various String Operators

There are various string operators that can be used in different ways like concatenating different string.

Suppose if a=guru and b=99 then a+b= “guru99”. Similarly, if you are using a*2, it will “GuruGuru”. Likewise, you can use other operators in string.

Operator Description Example

[] Slice- it gives the letter from the given index a[1] will give “u” from the word Guru as such ( 0=G, 1=u, 2=r and 3=u)

x="Guru" print (x[1])

[ : ] Range slice-it gives the characters from the given range x [1:3] it will give “ur” from the word Guru. Remember it will not consider 0 which is G, it will consider word after that is ur.

x="Guru" print (x[1:3])

in Membership-returns true if a letter exist in the given string u is present in word Guru and hence it will give 1 (True)

x="Guru" print ("u" in x)

not in Membership-returns true if a letter exist is not in the given string l not present in word Guru and hence it will give 1

x="Guru" print ("l" not in x)

r/R Raw string suppresses actual meaning of escape characters. Print r’n’ prints n and print R’/n’ prints n

% – Used for string format %d- it will format a number for display

The output of this code will be “guru 99”.

name = 'guru' number = 99 print ('%s %d' % (name,number))

+ It concatenates 2 strings It concatenate strings and gives the result

x="Guru" y="99" print (x+y)

* Repeat It prints the character twice.

x="Guru" y="99" print (x*2)

Some more examples

You can update Python String by re-assigning a variable to another string. The new value can be related to previous value or to a completely different string all together.

x = "Hello World!" print(x[:6]) print(x[0:6] + "Guru99")

Output:

Hello Hello Guru99

Note : – Slice:6 or 0:6 has the same effect

Python String replace() Method

The method replace() returns a copy of the string in which the values of old string have been replaced with the new value.

oldstring = 'I like Guru99' newstring = oldstring.replace('like', 'love') print(newstring)

Output:

I love Guru99 Changing upper and lower case strings

In Python, you can even change the string to upper case or lower case.

string="python at guru99" print(string.upper())

Output:

PYTHON AT GURU99

Likewise, you can also do for other function as well like capitalize

string="python at guru99" print(string.capitalize())

Output:

Python at guru99

You can also convert your string to lower case

string="PYTHON AT GURU99" print(string.lower())

Output:

python at guru99 Using “join” function for the string

The join function is a more flexible way for concatenating string. With join function, you can add any character into the string.

For example, if you want to add a colon (:) after every character in the string “Python” you can use the following code.

print(":".join("Python"))

Output:

P:y:t:h:o:n Reversing String

By using the reverse function, you can reverse the string. For example, if we have string “12345” and then if you apply the code for the reverse function as shown below.

string="12345" print(''.join(reversed(string)))

Output:

54321

Split Strings

Split strings is another function that can be applied in Python let see for string “guru99 career guru99”. First here we will split the string by using the command word.split and get the result.

word="guru99 career guru99" print(word.split(' '))

Output:

['guru99', 'career', 'guru99']

To understand this better we will see one more example of split, instead of space (‘ ‘) we will replace it with (‘r’) and it will split the string wherever ‘r’ is mentioned in the string

word="guru99 career guru99" print(word.split('r'))

Output:

['gu', 'u99 ca', 'ee', ' gu', 'u99']

Important Note:

In Python, Strings are immutable.

Consider the following code

x = "Guru99" x.replace("Guru99","Python") print(x)

Output:

Guru99

will still return Guru99. This is because x.replace(“Guru99″,”Python”) returns a copy of X with replacements made

You will need to use the following code to observe changes

x = "Guru99" x = x.replace("Guru99","Python") print(x)

Output:

Python

Above codes are Python 3 examples, If you want to run in Python 2 please consider following code.

Python 2 Example

#Accessing Values in Strings var1 = "Guru99!" var2 = "Software Testing" print "var1[0]:",var1[0] print "var2[1:5]:",var2[1:5] #Some more examples x = "Hello World!" print x[:6] print x[0:6] + "Guru99" #Python String replace() Method oldstring = 'I like Guru99' newstring = oldstring.replace('like', 'love') print newstring #Changing upper and lower case strings string="python at guru99" print string.upper() string="python at guru99" print string.capitalize() string="PYTHON AT GURU99" print string.lower() #Using "join" function for the string print":".join("Python") #Reversing String string="12345" print''.join(reversed(string)) #Split Strings word="guru99 career guru99" print word.split(' ') word="guru99 career guru99" print word.split('r') x = "Guru99" x.replace("Guru99","Python") print x x = "Guru99" x = x.replace("Guru99","Python") print x

Output:

var1[0]: G var2[1:5]: oftw Hello Hello Guru99 I love Guru99 PYTHON AT GURU99 Python at guru99 python at guru99 P:y:t:h:o:n 54321 ['guru99', 'career', 'guru99'] ['gu', 'u99 ca', 'ee', ' gu', 'u99'] Guru99 Python

Python has introduced a .format function which does way with using the cumbersome %d and so on for string formatting.

» Learn more about Python String split()

Summary

Since Python is an object-oriented programming language, many functions can be applied to Python objects. A notable feature of Python is its indenting source statements to make the code easier to read.

Accessing values through slicing – square brackets are used for slicing along with the index or indices to obtain a substring.

In slicing, if range is declared [1:5], it can actually fetch the value from range [1:4]

You can update Python String by re-assigning a variable to another string

Method replace() returns a copy of the string in which the occurrence of old is replaced with new.

Syntax for method replace: oldstring.replace(“value to change”,”value to be replaced”)

String operators like [], [ : ], in, Not in, etc. can be applied to concatenate the string, fetching or inserting specific characters into the string, or to check whether certain character exist in the string

Other string operations include

Changing upper and lower case

Join function to glue any character into the string

Reversing string

Split string

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