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Introduction to Ruby Mixin

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Syntax:

Below is the simple syntax which shows the flow of the mixin in Ruby, here in the below syntax we have created a module called MIXIN and in this module we are including inside the MAINMODULE class. .

#Module1 defining with some methods module MIXIN def method1 end def method2 end end class MAINMODULE include MIXIN defmain_method end end How Mixin works in Ruby?

To see the working of the mixin in Ruby we will follow a diagram and some steps which will show the actual meaning of the mixin concept inside Ruby.

First we have defined a module MIXIN1 and MIXIN2. We can put some class methods and constants inside the modules.

Both of the modules MIXIN1 and MIXIN2 contain some methods like method1, method2, method3 and method4. These methods are going to be accessed by a single class without the concept of the multiple inheritance, simply this technique is called the mixin .

Next we have defined a class MAINMODULE and this class includes the two above modules inside it. Once we include the modules inside the class, the class is eligible to have all the properties of the both modules (MIXIN1 and MIXIN2).

Next we are creating the object of the MAINMODULE and with that object we are able to access the methods of the both modules which we have included into our MAINMODULE class.

This mechanism of including and using two or more modules inside one class is nothing but a mixin.

So we can understand from syntax it is replacing the need of multi inheritance in Ruby.

Note 2: We can use many modules inside one class and this is the main benefit of using mixin. Suppose we wanted to use some functionality, all the functionality belongs to different modules, so with the help of mixin concept we are not required to write the same code again and again.

Given below is the diagram:

Examples of Ruby Mixin Example #1

In the below example we are performing arithmetic operations inside the module called CALCULATE and this module will be included inside the USECALCULATION class.

Code:

# Defining CALCULATE modules which consists of some methods for arithmetic operations. module CALCULATE def add(a,b) puts "The sum of two number is #{a+b}" end def multi(a,b) puts "The multiplication of two number is #{a*b}" end def div(a,b) puts "The division of two number is #{a/b}" end defsubstract(a,b) puts "The subtraction of two number is #{a-b}" end end # Defining a main class method and inside the method we are simply including all the three modules which we have defined above. class USECALCULATION include CALCULATE defdisplay_output puts 'This is inside the USECALCULATION and method CALCULATE' end end # Creating object mainObject = USECALCULATION.new # Calling methods mainObject.display_output mainObject.add(1,3) mainObject.multi(2,4) mainObject.div(2,4) mainObject.substract(2,4)

Output:

Example #2

Code:

# Defining three modules which consists of some methods . module MIXIN1 def method1 puts 'This is inside the MIXIN1 and method1.' end end module MIXIN2 def method2 puts 'This is inside the MIXIN1 and method1.' end end module MIXIN3 def method3 puts 'This is inside the MIXIN1 and method1.' end end # Defining a main class method and inside the method we are simply including all the three modules which we have defined abbove. class MAINMODULECLASS include MIXIN1 include MIXIN2 include MIXIN3 defdisplay_main puts 'This is indide the MAINMODULECLASS and method display_main' end end # Creating object mainObject = MAINMODULECLASS.new # Calling methods mainObject.display_main mainObject.method1 mainObject.method2 mainObject.method3

Output:

Conclusion

From these tutorials we saw about the basics of the mixin in Ruby, we also saw about the working of the mixin with help of diagram, we came to know that we can use mixin where we need to include one or many modules into another class and from that class object we can access attributes of modules like its method.